34

Baron S.W. A Social and Religious History of the Jews… Vol. III. P. 179 («were tempted to cut the Gordian knot by putting a violent end to the Jewish communities of their Empire»).

35

SharfA. Byzantine Jewry… P. 91–92 («the general social position of the Jews had not changed»).

36

De Lange N. Jews and Christians in the Byzantine Empire… P. 23 («a remarkable revival began, with considerable Jewish immigration and a renewal of cultural life. It would be wrong to over-emphasize the negative aspect of the treatment of the Jews by the Byzantine state. There was a positive side as well: the moments of persecution were exceptional, and in general the law offered the Jews, individually and communally its protection and a certain stability. Indeed, the Jews were generally treated no worse, and often better, than other non-Orthodox subjects»).

37

SharfA. Byzantine Jewry… P. 118 («the return of that peculiar relationship between Jews and non-Jews which marked-off Byzantine Jews from those living under western Christian regimes»).

38

«And yet the effect of all the legislation was undoubtedly to give tham the status and the consciousness of second-class citizens» (De Lange Ν. Jews and Christians in the Byzantine Empire… P. 23).

39

См.: Bowman S.B., Cutler A. Anti-Semitism // The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Vol. 1. Oxford, 1991. P. 122.

40

Bowman S.B. The Jews of Byzantium…

41

Baron S.W. A Social and Religious History of the Jews. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980. Vol. XVII. Byzantines, Mamelukes and Maghribians.

42

См.: Ibidem. Р. 41 («The old discriminatory and segregationist laws, summarized in the codes of the earlier Middle Ages to be sure, still retained their formal force, although we have little evidence of their practical appication»).

43