См.: Birnbaum H. On Some Evidence of Jewish Life and Anti-Jewish Sentiments in Medieval Russia // Viator. Vol. 4. (1973) P. 226 и далее.
74
Топоров В.H. К ранним русско-еврейским литературно-текстовым связям… С. 345.
75
См.: Голб Н., Прицак О. Хазарско-еврейские документы X века / Пер. с англ. В.А. Вихновича; науч. ред., послесл. и коммент. В.Я. Петрухина. М.; Иерусалим, 2003 (первое изд. на русском языке – 1997 г.). См. также: Коковцов П.К. Еврейско-хазарская переписка в X веке. Л., 1932.
76
Чекин A.C. К анализу упоминаний о евреях в древнерусской литературе XI–XIII вв. С. 34–35.
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См.: Birnbaum H. On Some Evidence of Jewish Life… P. 227
78
Чекин Л.С. К анализу упоминаний о евреях в древнерусской литературе XI–XIII вв. С. 40.
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См.: Birnbaum H. On Some Evidence of Jewish Life… P. 225 («these sources, as we might expect, testify to considerable anti-Jewish sentiments among the indigenous East Slavic population, thus revealing contemporary attitudes towards the small Jewish community in medieval Russian society»; «early manifestation of Slavic anti-Semitism [deliberately using the term here with its modern, that is, racist, implication, and not merely its connotation of religious intolerance]»).
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Ibidem. P. 254 («intolerance, envy and hatred»).
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Ср. статью В.Я. Петрухина о «Слове об Евстратии Постнике»: Петру хин В.Я. Евстратии Постник и Вильям из Норвича: две пасхальные жертвы // Праздник – обряд – ритуал в славянской и еврейской культурной традиции. Сборник статей / Под ред. О.В. Беловой. М.: Дом еврейской книги, 2004. С. 84–103.
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«A comparison with contemporary Europe is revealing. The murderous frenzy of the Crusades never communicated itself to Kievan Rus". There was no Russian equivalent to the Western European and Polish charge that the Jews poisoned wells and spread the plague… Russia lacked the popular identification of the Jews with the Devil, which became a significant cultural phenomenon in the West. There were no Russian equivalents of the anti-Jewish stereotypes which appeared in the medieval miracle plays, or in Church art and architecture. Despite the recurrent Byzantinist theme of the opposition of the Old and New Testament, Russian churches did not carry the Western motifs of „Ecclesia» and „Synagoga» common in medieval cathedrals in the West» (Klier J.D. Russia Gathers her Jews: the origins of the «Jewish question» in Russia. De Kalb, 1986. P. 24).