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41. Magdalena Cerda, Melanie Wall, and Tianshu Feng, “Association of State Recreational Marijuana Laws with Adolescent Marijuana Use,” JAMA Pediatrics 171, no. 2 (2017): 142–49; Steve Gorman and Diane Craft, eds., “Colorado’s Teen Marijuana Usage Dips After Legalization,” Scientific American online. accessed September 2, 2017, www.scientificamerican.com/article/colorado-s-teen-marijuana-usage-dips-after-legalization.

42. Patricia A. Adler and Peter Adler, The Tender Cut: Inside the Hidden World of Self-Injury (New York: New York University Press, 2012).

43. Theo Merz, “Why Are More Boys Than Ever Self-Harming?” Telegraph (UK) online, last modified August 21, 2014, www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/11046798/Why-are-more-boys-than-ever-self-harming.html.

44. Там же, 2.

45. “Teen Suicide Statistics,” Statistic Brain Research Institute, accessed September 2, 2017, www.statisticbrain.com/teen-suicide-statistics; Tara Haelle, “Fewer Teens Die by Suicide When Same-Sex Marriage Is Legal,” Forbes online, last modified February 20, 2017, www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2017/02/20/fewer-teens-die-by-suicide-when-same-sex-marriage-is-legal/#1ef1f6783b75.

46. Michael A. Messner and Donald F. Sabo, Sex, Violence and Power in Sports (Freedom, CA: Crossing Press, 1994), 214.

1. David Finkelhor et al., “Violence, Crime and Abuse Exposure in a National Sample of Children and Youth: An Update,” JAMA Pediatrics 167, no. 7 (July 2013): 614–21.

2. “Physical Fighting by Youth: Indicators of Child and Youth Well-being” (Bethesda, MD: ChildTrends Databank online, April 2017), www.childtrends.org/indicators/physical-fighting-by-youth.

3. Gary Barker, “Violence Does Not Come Naturally to Men and Boys,” Telegraph (UK) online, last modified June 5, 2005, www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/11652352/Violence-does-not-come-naturally-to-men-and-boys.html.

4. Michael Kaufman, “The Construction of Masculinity and the Triad of Men’s Violence,” in Beyond Patriarchy: Essays by Men on Pleasure, Power and Change, ed. Michael Kaufman (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1987).

5. Brian Heilman with Gary Barker, Masculine Norms and Violence: Making the Connections (Washington, DC: Promundo-US, 2018), 6, https://promundoglobal.org/2018/05/04/report-links-harmful-masculine-norms-violence.

6. Myriam Miedzian, Boys Will Be Boys: Breaking the Link Between Masculinity and Violence (New York: Anchor Books, 1991), xxiii.

7. Leonard D. Eron, Jacquelyn H. Gentry, and Peggy Schlegel, eds., Reason to Hope: A Psychosocial Perspective on Violence and Youth (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1994), 9.

8. Wynne Perry, “Battling the Boys: Educators Grapple with Violent Play,” Live Science, last modified August 29, 2010, www.livescience.com/8514-battling-boys-educators-grapple-violent-play.html.

9. Eron, Gentry, and Schlegel, Reason to Hope, 30.

10. Там же, 35–36.

11. “Children’s Exposure to Violence: Indicators of Child and Youth Well-being” (Bethesda, MD: ChildTrends Databank online, May 2016), www.childtrends.org/indicators/childrens-exposure-to-violence.

12. Gavin Aronson, Mark Follman, and Deanna Pan, “A Guide to Mass Shootings in America,” Mother Jones online, last modified June 5, 2017, www.motherjones.com/politics/2012/07/mass-shootings-map; James Garbarino, Lost Boys: Why Our Sons Turn Violent and How We Can Save Them (New York: Free Press, 1999), ix.

13. James Gilligan, “Shame, Guilt, and Violence,” Social Research 70, no. 4 (Winter 2003): 1154.